Understanding Foundation Cracks and Their Causes
Foundation cracks are a common concern for homeowners. While some cracks are minor and part of the natural settling process, others can indicate more serious issues that may compromise the integrity of your home. At Crack Attack, we specialize in foundation crack repair, and understanding what causes these cracks, and how to address them, can help you protect your property for the long term.
What Causes Foundation Cracks?
Foundation cracks can develop for several reasons. Some of the most common causes include:
Foundation Settlement: Over time, the soil beneath a home can shift, causing the foundation to settle and cracks to form. This is a natural process, but if left unaddressed, it can lead to structural issues.
Hydrostatic Pressure: Water buildup around the foundation can create pressure, forcing moisture through cracks and potentially causing further damage. This is especially true if drainage systems are inadequate or if there is poor grading around the home.
Soil Movement: The type of soil around your home can have a significant impact on foundation stability. Expansive soils, like clay, contract and expand with moisture changes, which can lead to cracking.
Temperature Changes: Extreme weather conditions can cause concrete to expand and contract. Over time, this can lead to cracks, especially in areas with significant temperature fluctuations.
Types of Foundation Cracks
Cracks can appear in various shapes and sizes, and understanding their characteristics is important for determining whether they’re a cause for concern. At Crack Attack, we focus on non-structural cracks that can be easily repaired with epoxy injection or other methods. Here’s a breakdown of common foundation cracks:
Hairline Cracks: These cracks are often caused by the natural settling of a home or shrinkage of the concrete. While they may look concerning, they’re generally harmless. However, it’s still important to seal these cracks to prevent water infiltration.
Vertical Cracks: These are typically caused by settling and minor foundation movement. If they’re narrow and not expanding, they may not be a serious concern. However, they can allow water to enter, so sealing them is essential.
Horizontal Cracks: Unlike vertical cracks, horizontal cracks are more severe and may indicate significant pressure against the foundation, like hydrostatic pressure. These cracks need professional attention and may require reinforcement with carbon fiber straps or rebar repair.
Stair-Step Cracks: Often found in block or brick foundations, these cracks follow the mortar joints and typically indicate that the foundation is shifting. These can worsen over time, requiring additional stabilization.
Repairing Foundation Cracks
The method used to repair foundation cracks depends on the severity and type of crack. At Crack Attack, we provide a range of services to address foundation cracks:
Epoxy Injection: For hairline and vertical cracks, we use low-pressure epoxy injection to fill the crack, seal it, and restore the structural integrity of your foundation. This method is effective for preventing water infiltration and strengthening the concrete.
Hydrophilic Polyurea: For cracks with water issues, hydrophilic polyurea is injected into the cracks. This material expands upon contact with water, creating a waterproof seal that helps prevent future moisture-related damage.
Carbon Fiber Straps: If a crack shows signs of movement or weakening, carbon fiber straps are used to reinforce the foundation. This technique strengthens the wall and prevents further expansion of the crack.
Preventing Foundation Cracks
While some cracks are inevitable, there are steps you can take to minimize the risk of future cracks developing:
Improve Drainage: Ensure that water flows away from your foundation by maintaining gutters, downspouts, and proper grading around your home. This helps reduce the risk of hydrostatic pressure and water-related foundation damage.
Monitor Soil Conditions: Be mindful of soil conditions around your foundation. Avoid over-watering or allowing excessive moisture buildup, which can cause soil expansion and lead to foundation movement.
Regular Inspections: Regularly inspect your foundation for signs of new cracks or movement. Catching problems early can prevent further damage and reduce the cost of repairs.
When to Call for Professional Help
If you notice cracks in your foundation, it’s important to assess whether they’re a sign of structural issues. While some cracks are simply cosmetic, others may indicate underlying problems that require professional repair. If the cracks widen, show signs of water infiltration, or are accompanied by uneven floors or sticking doors, it’s time to contact Crack Attack for a free evaluation.
